高莹，女，1980 年 10 月出生于山东淄川，学历本科，学士学位。2000 年在淄 博市第五人民医院参加工作，先后担任病区护士、护士长助理、副护士长及护士长 等职务，2015 年聘为主管护师职称，现任淄博市精神卫生中心女二病区护士长。20 年来她始终坚持护理工作一线，2011 年作为护士长参与组建淄博市第五人民医院临 床心理二科，并于 2016 年与同事们一起努力，顺利通过了“三甲”医院创建验收。 2012 年被评为“全省护理工作示范标兵”，所在病区多次被评为医院优秀护理团队， 本人多次被评为医院优秀护士、优秀护理管理工作者，工会积极分子。2020 年被医 院评为疫情防控护理先进个人。2020 年被评为“淄博市百佳护士”，曾发表国家级 论文两篇、省级论文一篇，参与两本著作的编写。

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第一章 精神障碍症状学··········································································· 1 第一节 精神障碍概述········································································ 1 第二节 精神障碍的病因····································································· 4 第三节 精神障碍的分类系统······························································· 6 第四节 常见的精神症状····································································· 9 第二章 精神障碍护理概述······································································· 38 第一节 精神障碍护理学发展简史························································ 38 第二节 精神障碍护理学相关理论························································ 39 第三节 精神障碍护理学的现状与发展趋势············································ 51 第三章 精神科护理基本技能···································································· 53 第一节 护患关系与护患沟通······························································ 53 第二节 精神科基础护理···································································· 58 第三节 精神科一般护理···································································· 63 第四节 精神疾病的观察与记录··························································· 65 第五节 精神科患者的管理································································· 66 第六节 精神科分级护理···································································· 67 第四章 精神科常见护理应急预案及处理····················································· 69 第一节 自缢患者应急预案及处理························································ 69 第二节 冲动伤人患者应急预案及处理·················································· 70 第三节 出走患者应急预案及处理························································ 71 第四节 食患者应急预案及处理··························································· 72 第五节 吞服异物患者应急预案及处理·················································· 73 第六节 服药过量患者应急预案及处理·················································· 74 第七节 触电患者应急预案及处理························································ 75 第九节 窒息患者应急预案及处理························································ 77 第十节 猝死患者应急预案及处理························································ 78 第十一节 癫痫发作患者应急预案及处理····················································· 79 第十二节 跌倒 / 坠床患者应急预案及处理············································· 80 第十三节 体位性低血压患者应急预案及处理········································· 82 第十四节 用药错误应急预案及处理····················································· 82 第十五节 输液反应应急预案及处理····················································· 84 第五章 器质性精神障碍患者的护理··························································· 85 第一节 器质性精神障碍的常见综合征·················································· 85 第二节 阿尔茨海默病患者的护理························································ 88 第三节 血管性痴呆患者的护理··························································· 91 第四节 脑损害和功能紊乱及躯体疾病所致精神障碍患者的护理················· 94 第五节 癫痫所致精神障碍的护理························································ 98 第六节 颅内感染所致精神障碍患者的护理·········································· 102 第六章 精神分裂症患者的护理······························································· 107 第一节 精神分裂概述····································································· 107 第二节 偏执型精神分裂症患者的护理················································ 109 第三节 青春型精神分裂症患者的护理·················································111 第四节 紧张型精神分裂症患者的护理·················································113 第五节 单纯型精神分裂症患者的护理·················································114 第六节 未分化型精神分裂症患者的护理··············································116 第七节 精神分裂症后抑郁患者的护理·················································118 第七章 严重应激反应和适应障碍患者的护理············································· 121 第一节 概述················································································· 121 第二节 急性应激反应患者的护理······················································ 124 第三节 创伤后应激障碍患者的护理··················································· 126 第四节 适应障碍患者的护理···························································· 127 第八章 儿童少年期精神障碍患者的护理··················································· 130 第一节 精神发育迟滞患者的护理······················································ 130 第二节 儿童孤独症患儿的护理························································· 134 第三节 儿童多动症的护理······························································· 139 第四节 品行障碍的护理·································································· 144 第五节 抽动障碍的护理·································································· 147 第六节 儿童青少年期情绪障碍的护理················································ 151 第九章 癔症患者的护理········································································ 155 第一节 癔症概述··········································································· 155 第二节 癔症患者的护理·································································· 157 第十章 精神活性物质所致精神障碍患者的护理·········································· 161 第一节 精神活性物质所致精神障碍··················································· 161 第二节 精神活性物质所致精神障碍患者的护理···································· 164 第十一章 心理因素相关生理障碍患者的护理············································· 167 第一节 概述················································································· 167 第二节 神经性厌食患者的护理························································· 172 第三节 神经性贪食患者的护理························································· 175 第四节 失眠症患者的护理······························································· 177 第十二章 精神障碍患者的治疗与护理······················································ 180 第一节 精神障碍的药物治疗与护理··················································· 180 第二节 电抽搐治疗及护理······························································· 194 第三节 精神康复治疗及护理···························································· 198 第四节 心理咨询与心理治疗···························································· 205 第十三章 人格障碍与性心理障碍患者的护理············································· 213 第一节 人格障碍患者的护理···························································· 213 第二节 性心理障碍患者的护理························································· 220 第十四章 神经症患者的护理·································································· 225 第一节 恐惧症患者的护理······························································· 225 第二节 焦虑症患者的护理······························································· 229 第三节 强迫症患者的护理······························································· 233 第四节 躯体形式障碍患者的护理······················································ 237 第五节 神经衰弱患者的护理···························································· 241 第十五章 司法精神病学鉴定与相关护理··················································· 246 第一节 司法精神病学内容和分类······················································ 246 第二节 司法精神病学性质及与其他学科的关系···································· 247 第三节 司法精神病学鉴定中的责任能力问题······································· 247 第四节 行为能力和无行为能力问题··················································· 248 第五节 司法精神病学鉴定的实施······················································ 249 第六节 司法精神病学鉴定的受鉴者护理程序······································· 250 第十六章 精神科护理风险评估与意外事件防范·········································· 253 第一节 基本概述··········································································· 253 第二节 护理风险评估的方法和技巧··················································· 255 第三节 护理风险评估的程序···························································· 258 第四节 精神科常见意外事件的评估及防范·········································· 258 第十七章 精神科护理质量控制与评价标准················································ 273 第一节 精神科护理质量管理的概述··················································· 273 第二节 精神科护理质量管理常用的方法············································· 274 第三节 常用质量管理工具的应用······················································ 286 第四节 精神科护理质量评价标准及相关指标······································· 297 结语·································································································· 315 参考文献···························································································· 316