玛丽亚·齐利迪斯,加布拉·马科扎内斯,冈特·拉格伦

子宫内膜癌是发达国家女性最常见的恶性肿瘤，发病率是发展中国家的10倍。子宫内膜癌最常见于 60 岁和 70 岁；因此，与绝经前妇女相比，绝经后妇女患这种疾病的风险更高。子宫内膜癌发病率和患病率的增加可以用预期寿命延长、热量摄入增加、肥胖率增加以及生活方式和生殖因素的其他变化来解释。在生殖因素中，子宫内膜癌的风险与月经初潮年龄较小和绝经年龄较晚、不孕、零胎次、第一个孩子的年龄以及长期使用无对抗雌激素进行激素替代治疗呈正相关。研究已经检测到通过增加胎次、使用复方口服避孕药和增加最后一次分娩的妇女年龄来预防子宫内膜癌。子宫内膜癌风险与流产、人工流产、促排卵药物和体外受精之间的关系仍存在争议。

子宫内膜癌；初潮早；绝经晚；零胎次

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