夏梦雪,孙艳秋

高原环境具有显著的生理挑战性，主要表现为气压低、氧气稀薄、气候干燥寒冷以及紫外线强度高。这些条件，尤其是低气压和低氧水平，对人体的核心器官如心脏、大脑和肾脏构成重大影响。大脑作为高度需氧的器官，尽管仅占体重的2%，但其氧气消耗量却达到全身的20%左右。在初次暴露于高原环境时，大脑的毛细血管会代偿性地扩张，血流量增加，以应对氧气供应减少的情况。然而，如果缺氧状况持续或加剧，脑细胞将不得不依赖无氧代谢，这可能导致脑组织损伤。严重时，甚至会引发高原脑水肿（High-Altitude Cerebral Edema,HACE），这是一种潜在的致命病症。本文的目的在于回顾并总结近年来有关高原脑损伤影像学研究的主要进展，以增进我们对这一重要医学问题的理解。

高原环境；脑损伤；影像学表现

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