李晓玉,白尚琴,陈倚秋,王学军

随着全球人口老龄化趋势的加剧，老年患者的医疗需求日益增加，尤其是外科手术的需求，而大约四分之一接受非心脏手术的老年人会出现明显的认知功能障碍。术后认知功能障碍是一种手术和麻醉后可能发生的中枢神经系统并发症，其主要表现为记忆力、注意力、语言理解能力以及社会交往能力的短暂下降。其发病机制复杂，涉及神经递质失衡、炎症反应、氧化应激等多个方面。它不仅影响患者的康复进程，还显著增加了医疗成本和社会负担。老年患者由于生理储备下降、合并症多等因素，更容易发生术后认知功能障碍。右美托咪定是一种新型的高选择性α2肾上腺素受体激动剂，其主要作用机制是激活脑内蓝斑核区域的α2受体，从而产生镇静、镇痛和抗焦虑的效果。这种药物通过与特定的受体结合，调节神经系统的活动，以达到减轻焦虑和疼痛的目的。此外，右美托咪定还具有稳定血流动力学、减少其他麻醉药物的用量及保护神经系统的功能，能够对术后认知功能障碍产生积极的影响。本文主要目的是综述右美托咪定对老年人术后认知功能的改善作用。

右美托咪定；老年患者；术后认知功能；麻醉

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