陈双凤,杨晓莉

牙周炎是一种由多种细菌引起的慢性传染病，主要影响牙周支撑结构，如牙龈、牙周膜和牙槽骨。长期的牙周炎不仅会导致牙齿松动和脱落，还与多种全身系统疾病相关联，如癌症、心血管疾病、糖尿病、类风湿性关节炎、非酒精性脂肪肝、阿尔茨海默病等。牙龈卟啉单胞菌（Porphyromonas gingivalis）是牙周病最重要的致病菌。它可以产生外膜囊泡（OMV）并将其释放到环境中，并在其发病机制中起着重要作用。本文重点介绍牙龈卟啉单胞菌OMV，综述其产生、毒力因子、作用方式及与阿尔茨海默症的关联，以期为阿尔茨海默症的防治提供新思路。

牙龈卟啉单胞菌外膜囊泡；牙龈卟啉单胞菌；阿尔茨海默病；神经炎症

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