王 敏,孟 月,王静雯,李 蓉

全球近20亿成年人超重，其中一半以上属于肥胖，而全球近三分之一的青少年也存在生长发育不良。基于几十年来关于生长、发育及健康的研究中收集到的大量知识中仍然存在许多问题，即为什么世界现在正处于全球肥胖流行之中，随着年龄增长这会使患慢性病的风险更高。糖尿病作为一种常见的慢性代谢性疾病，其中，肥胖症与2型糖尿病之间存在复杂的联系。随着肥胖症和糖尿病的患病率在世界范围内持续上升。肥胖的发病机制与遗传及环境因素紧密相连，脂肪组织的异位扩张和某些营养物质和代谢物的过度积累，通过胰岛素抵抗破坏了代谢平衡，同时全身炎症反应进一步加剧了免疫代谢功能的失调，最终导致功能性b细胞的加速损失和血糖的逐渐升高。大多数肥胖和2型糖尿病的治疗方法都是相互作用的。了解肥胖症与2型糖尿病的流行病学，发病机制及治疗方法对于最全面地解决肥胖和其他慢性疾病的全球问题至关重要，从而为终身健康创造最佳条件。

2型糖尿病；肥胖；脂肪细胞；胰岛功能；饮食及营养

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