邢贺威,吴 焘

骨性关节炎（OA）是一种慢性退行性疾病，其主要特征为关节软骨的退化和关节周围组织的重塑。虽然OA的发病机制复杂且涉及多种因素，但近年来的研究表明，遗传因素，尤其是基因多态性，在OA的易感性和进展中起着关键作用。通过对候选基因和全基因组关联研究（GWAS）的广泛分析，研究者已识别出多个与OA相关的基因位点，如COL2A1、MMP、ACAN、IL-1家族基因、TNF-α和GDF5等。这些基因多态性与OA的核心病理过程密切相关，包括软骨代谢、炎症反应和骨密度变化。本文综述了近年来基因多态性在OA研究领域的最新进展。

基因多态性；骨性关节炎；慢性退行性疾病；遗传因素

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