潘怡然

高血压是一种常见的心血管疾病，病理特征主要包括内皮功能障碍、血管收缩增加和血管重构，严重威胁人类健康。血管平滑肌细胞（VSMCs）在维持血管稳态及高血压的发生发展中起着关键作用。本文综述了高血压状态下VSMCs的生理功能紊乱及病理重构表现，探讨了其潜在的分子机制。VSMCs在高血压中发生表型改变，由收缩型转变为合成型，导致细胞增殖、迁移能力增强和细胞外基质（ECM）合成增加，进而引发血管壁增厚、血管纤维化及血管重塑类型改变等一系列病理变化。本文还分析了肾素-血管紧张素系统（RAS）、氧化应激、炎症反应以及微小RNA（miRNA）在VSMCs表型转化中的调控作用，为高血压的防治提供了新的理论依据和潜在治疗靶点。

高血压；血管平滑肌细胞；病理重构；生理功能紊乱；分子机制

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