段亚婷,齐亚丽

哮喘是一种高度异质性的慢性炎症性疾病，其临床表现、病理生理特征和治疗反应差异显著。传统的哮喘分类方法主要基于症状和肺功能，难以充分反映疾病的异质性。近年来，基于生物标志物的哮喘表型分类和个性化治疗成为研究热点，为哮喘的精准医学提供了新的工具和方法。本文综述了哮喘的生物标志物、表型分类及其在个性化治疗中的应用，从机制到临床实践展开讨论。重点介绍了2型哮喘、非2型哮喘的分子机制及对应的生物标志物。基于生物标志物的表型分类为个性化治疗提供了依据，如抗IL-5、抗IgE、抗IL-4/IL-13和抗TSLP治疗的应用。此外，本文还探讨了生物标志物标准化，通过识别特定的生物标志物，可以实现更精准的诊断和治疗，改善患者的生活质量。

哮喘；生物标志物；表型分类；个性化治疗；精准医学

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