李福来,范顺成,孙 峰

上尿路结石的治疗在过去几十年中取得了显著进展，微创治疗已成为临床治疗的主要手段。通过多种微创技术的合理应用，患者术后恢复更快、住院时间更短、并发症更少。然而，面对复杂性结石处理困难、术后并发症管理及资源分布不均等问题，仍需不断探索新技术、新方法。未来，随着新型激光技术、人工智能辅助系统及远程医疗的发展，上尿路结石的微创治疗将朝着更加安全、高效、精准和普及的方向迈进，为广大患者带来更好的治疗体验和预后。

泌尿系结石；上尿路结石；体外冲击波碎石；后腹腔镜下输尿管切开取石术

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