孙辰焕,张庆欣

GS（glymphatic system，GS）是清除脑内代谢废物的重要系统，GS功能紊乱是导致阿尔茨海默病病人脑内Aβ蛋白沉积、帕金森病病人脑内α-突触核蛋白积聚的重要原因，从而发生认知功能减退，传统的方法评估GS的功能性不能克服其操作性差、不可重复等缺陷。沿血管周围间隙弥散张量成像（diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space，DTI—ALPS）能通过非侵入方式检测到血管周的水分子运动，给研究GS提供了一个新的渠道。本篇综述针对DTI—ALPS的成像机制以及该技术在脑小血管病、睡眠障碍以及卒中后认知障碍等相关疾病方面的研究数据进行了总结，并且探讨了多模态影像学对于提高经鼻脉冲超声调控功能性和结构化变化的潜力。此外，不同的临床证据均显示：DTI-ALPS指数和患者认知评分降低程度呈显著负相关性，DTI-ALPS能够有效地预测疾病的进展情况。但目前DTI-ALPS诊断阈值尚未统一，需继续探索；另外DTI—ALPS还可能受到年龄、昼夜节律等因素的影响，有待进一步探究；之后可进一步开展多中心大样本研究，以促进将DTI-ALPS由实验室方法向临床诊断应用及临床个性化治疗的转变。

类淋巴系统；沿血管周围间隙弥散张量成像；神经系统；认知障碍；磁共振成像

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