仝雨婷,李 蓉

糖尿病肾病是2型糖尿病（T2DM）最主要的微血管并发症及终末期肾病（ESRD）的首要病因，其早期起病隐匿、进展不可逆，临床亟需敏感、便捷的早期预测手段。血管病变是DKD发生发展的核心病理基础，踝肱指数、肱踝脉搏波传导速度及颈动脉超声作为无创血管功能/结构评估指标，已被证实与DKD存在密切关联。本文系统综述了ABI、baPWV及颈动脉超声的检测原理、与DKD的关联机制、临床研究证据及联合应用价值，分析当前研究局限并展望未来方向，旨在为DKD早期风险筛查与临床干预提供理论参考。

糖尿病肾病；踝肱指数；肱踝脉搏波传导速度；颈动脉超声；风险预测；血管病变

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