黄璐璐,黄建敏

脑梗死，又称缺血性脑卒中，其病理基础在于脑血栓形成、动脉粥样硬化等因素造成的脑部供血不足或中断，继而引发脑组织缺血缺氧，最终导致脑组织坏死。脑梗死在临床中较为常见，近年发病率显著上升，带来严重的危害[1,2]。该病发病急、进展快、致残率高、致死率高[3,4]，是世界范围内的主要死亡及残疾疾病之一。近年来，在我国发病率逐年上升，已经成为全世界脑卒中发病率最高的国家之一，给患者家庭和社会带来了沉重的负担。脑梗死发病机制非常复杂，涉及多种信号通路和多种病理过程，其中炎症信号通路是脑梗死发生发展过程中的关键因素之一。中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网（NETs）是中性粒细胞释放的一种由DNA、组蛋白和颗粒蛋白组成的网状复合物[5]，促使脑血栓的形成，在脑梗死的发生发展过程中发挥重要作用，但发病机制尚未阐明。研究表明，NETs在炎症反应、血栓形成、溶栓抵抗、血管生成、动脉粥样硬化、血脑屏障损伤等病理过程中扮演了关键角色。推测NETs可能与脑梗死的发病机制密切存在相关，因此，深入研究NETs参与脑梗塞发病的具体机制对探讨新治疗方法改善预后将具有重要的现实意义。本文对NETs与炎症反应、免疫细胞、血栓形成与溶栓抵抗、血脑屏障、血管生成、动脉粥样硬化关系的研究进展进行综述。

NETs；脑梗死；发病机制

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