邓文娟,黄 灵,周国通

癫痫作为一种高度异质性的慢性脑功能障碍，其核心特征为神经元网络的异常同步放电。近年来研究日益揭示，宏观兴奋/抑制失衡的背后是复杂的分子网络病变与微观环路重构。本文旨在深入探讨癫痫发病机制的研究进展，并重点聚焦于神经元突触重构这一核心环节，系统阐述其在癫痫发生与发展中的关键作用及其分子调控机制。通过对离子通道功能障碍、神经炎症、胶质细胞参与，特别是突触结构、功能及神经细胞外基质重塑的梳理，本文将为癫痫的精准治疗策略提供新的理论视角。

癫痫；发病机制；突触重构；治疗靶点

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