积雪草苷作为伞形科植物积雪草的核心活性成分，是一种五环三萜类皂苷，具有广泛的药理活性与明确的临床应用潜力。本文系统阐述积雪草苷在抗炎与免疫调节、神经保护、抗肿瘤、代谢性疾病干预、创面修复及心血管保护等方面的多元化药理活性；深入解析其调控的关键信号通路的分子机制；梳理其药代动力学特征与新型制剂研发进展；总结临床研究现状，并探讨当前研究面临的挑战，为基础研究及临床应用提供参考。

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