郑继铭,李桂宇,王学军,刘海洋

高海拔地区环境极端，具有低温低氧的特点[1]，这种极端环境是诱发低氧血症和认知功能障碍的主要危险因素之一。随着海拔高度的增加，氧分压降低，脉搏血氧饱和度（Pulse Oxygen Saturation，SPO2）降低，脑部的氧供也会减少，可能会导致局部脑氧饱和度（regional Cerebral Oxygen Saturation，rScO2）降低，当rScO2低于某一阈值并且持续一定时间可能是发生认知功能障碍的危险因素。低氧状态通过氧化应激等机制影响认知功能，影响的程度取决于海拔的高度以及在高海拔地区停留的时间。因此应关注高海拔地区居民脑氧供需状况，及发生认知功能障碍的机制并进行早期进行干预，对于保障高海拔地区居民健康具有重要意义。

高海拔；低氧；脑氧饱和度；认知功能

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