张 雪,孟换换,任金翠

目的：探讨早期康复护理干预对重症医学科（Intensive Care Unit，ICU）患者预后的影响，为优化重症患者的康复管理提供理论依据和实践指导。重点关注重症监护后综合征（Post-Intensive Care Syndrome，PICS）患者的干预策略，分析其干预效果及存在的不足，推动形成连续性、规范化的护理管理模式。方法：通过系统检索国内外相关文献，全面总结关于ICU患者早期康复护理干预的研究进展，结合临床实践重点分析干预的时机、内容、实施主体及对象、效果评价指标和干预的长期影响。同时，对ICU阶段与ICU后护理的衔接问题进行归纳，剖析当前护理模式中存在的不足和挑战，并提出改进建议。结果：研究显示，ICU早期康复干预在减少并发症发生率、改善患者功能结局、缩短住院时间等方面具有显著效果。早期实施的运动康复、心理支持和呼吸管理等综合干预措施，能够显著降低PICS发生风险，改善患者的身心健康。然而，当前干预管理模式普遍存在以下问题：ICU内干预效果的高质量延续性不足，ICU后护理缺乏系统化管理；干预的时机、内容及效果评价指标尚未形成统一标准；对院后社区及家庭康复的关注较少，存在“重预防、轻康复”现象。结论：早期康复护理干预是改善ICU患者预后的重要手段，未来需加强对现有干预措施的临床效果验证，探索创新型、多学科协作的干预模式。应构建以患者和家庭为中心的连续性护理体系，贯穿ICU到社区的全周期健康管理路径，精准实施针对性的康复干预，逐步形成重症患者康复护理的规范化、标准化模式，为改善患者长期预后和提高生活质量提供支持。

重症医学科；护理；早期康复干预；患者预后；综述

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