朱继晨

川藏铁路穿越青藏高原东缘强烈隆升带，面临高地应力、活动断裂、冻融循环与强降雨等多重极端地质环境的耦合作用。沿线岩土体具有高度非均质性、结构破碎性和力学响应复杂性，易诱发岩爆、软岩大变形、岩崩及隧道突水突泥等重大岩土工程灾害。本文系统梳理川藏铁路典型区段岩土体的工程地质特征，归纳四类主要岩土体力学灾害的成因机制、演化模式与破坏特征；总结当前在岩土体参数识别、多场耦合数值模拟、智能监测预警及灾害防控技术等方面的研究进展；并指出未来需重点突破岩土体多尺度本构模型、灾变链式演化机理以及数字孪生驱动的智能防控体系等关键科学问题。研究成果可为川藏铁路的安全建设与长期运维提供理论支撑，亦对类似艰险山区重大工程具有借鉴意义。

岩土体；川藏铁路；岩爆；软岩大变形；岩崩；隧道突涌；多场耦合；智能监测

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