邹嘉玲

随着全球沿海地区人口增长和海洋经济的快速发展，人类工程活动对海洋地质环境的扰动不断加剧，显著改变了沿海和近海地区的自然演化过程，并诱发或加剧了一系列海洋地质灾害。本文在系统梳理相关研究成果的基础上，综述了人类工程活动对典型海洋地质灾害的影响类型与作用机制，重点分析了大坝与水库建设、沿海工程施工、地下水过度开采以及海上结构和海底设施建设等工程活动对海岸侵蚀、地面沉降、海水入侵和海床失稳的影响过程。在此基础上，总结了国内外在海洋地质灾害监测、防控与工程优化方面的主要技术路径与管理对策。研究认为，人类工程活动通过改变沉积物收支、水动力条件和地下水系统稳定性，是当前海洋地质灾害加剧的重要驱动因素，亟需在海洋开发过程中强化风险意识与可持续管理理念。

海洋地质灾害；人类工程活动；海岸侵蚀；地面沉降；海床失稳

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